The Microprocessor Essay Example For Students

The Microprocessor Essay Microprocessors EvolutionOnly once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and playis a special one, indeed. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, but in the last few years it has changed the American calculators to video gamesand computers (Givone 1). Many microprocessors have been manufactured for all sorts of products; some have succeeded and some have not. This paper willdiscuss the evolution and history of the most prominent 16 and 32 bit microprocessors in the microcomputer and how they are similar to and different from eachother. Because microprocessors are a subject that most people cannot relate to and do not know much about, this paragraph will introduce some of the terms thatwill be in- volved in the subsequent paragraphs. Throughout the paper the 16-bit and 32-bit mi- croprocessors are compared and contrasted. The number 16 in the16-bit microproces- sor refers how ma ny registers there are or how much storage is available for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microprocessor has amemory address such as A16, and at this address the specific commands to the microprocessor are stored in the memory of the computer (Aumiaux, 3). So with the16-bit microprocessor there are 576 places to store data. With the 32-bit microprocessor there are twice as many places to store data making the microprocessorfaster. Another common term which is mentioned frequently in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors ?clock? ticks. The oscillator is the pacemaker for the microprocessor which tells what frequency the microprocessor can proc- ess information, this value is measured in Mega-hertz or MHz. Ananosecond is a measurement of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is used to measure the time it takes for the computer to execute an instructions,other wise knows as a cy- cle. There are many different types of companies of w hich all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in thefamilies were developed over a fairly long period of time, it is hard to distinguish which processors were introduced in order. This paper will mention the families ofprocessors in no particular order. The first microprocessor that will be discussed is the family of microprocessors called the 9900 series manufactured by TexasInstruments during the mid-70s and was developed from the architecture of the 900 minicomputer series (Titus, 178). There were five dif- ferent actualmicroprocessors that were designed in this family, they were the TMS9900, TMS9980A, TMS9981, TMS9985, and the TMS9940. The TMS9900 was the firstof these microprocessors so the next four of the microprocessors where simply variations of the TMS9900 (Titus, 178). The 9900 series microprocessors runs with64K memory and besides the fact that the 9900 is a 16-bit microprocessor, only 15 of the address memory circuits are in use (Titus, 1 79). The 16th address is usedfor the computer to distinguish between word and data functions (Titus, 179. The 9900 series microprocessors runs from 300 nanoseconds to 500 ns from 2MHz to3.3MHz and even some variations of the original microprocessor where made to go up to 4MHz (Avtar, 115). The next microprocessor that will be discussed is theLSI-11 which was pro- duced from the structural plans of the PDP-11 minicomputer family. There are three microprocessors in the LSI-11 family they are theLSI-11, LSI-11/2, and the much im- proved over the others is the LSI-11/32 (Titus, 131). The big difference between the LSI-11 family of microprocessors andother similar microprocessors of its kind is they have the instruction codes of a microcomputer but since the LSI-11 microprocessor originated from the PDP-11family it is a multi-microprocessor (Avtar, 207). The fact that the LSI-11 microprocessor is a multi-microprocessor means that many other mi- croprocessors areused in conjunction with t he LSI-11 to function properly (Avtar, 207). The LSI-11 microprocessor has a direct processing speed of 16-bit word and 7- bit data,however the improved LSI-11/22 can directly process 64-bit data (Titus, 131). The average time that the LSI-11 and LSI-11/2 process at are 380 nanoseconds,while the LSI-11/23 is clocked at 300 nanoseconds (Titus, 132). There are some great strengths that lie in the LSI-11 family, some of which are the efficient way atwhich the microprocessor processes and the ability to run minicomputer software which leads to great hardware support (Avtar, 179). Although there are manystrengths to the LSI- 11 family there are a couple of weaknesses, they have limited memory and the slow- ness of speed at which the LSI-11 processes at (Avtar,179). The next major microprocessors in the microcomputing industry were the Z8001 and Z8002, however when the microprocessor entered into the market theterm Z8000 was used to mean either or both of the microprocessors (Titus, 73). So when describing the features of both the Z8001 and the Z8002, they will bereferred to as the Z8000. The microprocessor was designed by the Zilog Corporation and put out on the market in 1979 (Titus, 73). The Z8000 are a lot like themany other previous micro- processors except for the obvious fact that it is faster and better, but are similar be- cause they depend on their registers to functionproperly (Titus, 73). The Z8000 was improved by using 21 16-bit registers, 14 of them are used for general purposes opera- tions (Titus, 73). The difference withthe Z8001 and the Z8002 is the Z8002 can only address 65K bytes of memory, which is fascinating compared to the microprocessors earlier in time but is greatlyinferior to the Z8001 which can address 8M bytes (8000K) of memory (Titus, 73). The addressing memory between the two otherwise very simi- larmicroprocessors is drastically different were as other functions of the microproces- sors seem to be quite the same. An example of this i s the cycle time. The cycletime is 250 nanoseconds and the average number of cycles that occur per instruction are be- tween 10 and 14 for both microprocessors (Avtar, 25). The nextmicroprocessor that will be discussed is the 8086. This microproces- sor is the best in my opinion, out of all the 16-bit microprocessors. Not only because thespeeds of processing are tremendous, but because it simply paved the way to the 32-bit microprocessors using various techniques that will be discussed later. The8086 was the second Intel microprocessor (being preceded by the 8080) (Avtar, 19). The 8086 was introduced in early 1978 by Intel (Avtar, 19). Like so many ofthe other processors the 8086 is register oriented with fourteen 16-bit registers, eight of which are used for general processing purposes (Avtar, 19). The 8086 candirectly address 1MB (1,048,576 bytes) which is used only in accessing Read Only Memory. The ba- sic clock frequency for the 8086 is between 4MHz and8MHz depending on the typ e of 8086 microprocessor that is used (Avtar, 20). Up until this point in the paper there have been common reoccurring phrase such as amicroprocessor containing 14 16-bit registers. At this time in the evolution of microprocessors come the 32-bit register, which obviously has double the capacity tohold information for the microprocessor. Because of this simple increase of the register capacity we have a whole different type of microprocessor. Although the 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors are quite different (meaning they have more compo- nents and such), the 32-bit microprocessors will be described in the same termsas the 16-bit microprocessors were. The remainder of the paper will discuss the 32-bit microprocessor series. The external data bus is a term that will be referred toin the remainder of the paper is. The data bus is basically what brings data from the memory to the processor and from the processor to the memory (Givone, 123). .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .postImageUrl , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:hover , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:visited , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:active { border:0!important; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:active , .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8 .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u113da37cc83739bb2078fd439630add8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: antigone Essay We will write a custom essay on The Microprocessor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The data bus is similar to the registers located on the microprocessor but are a little bit slower to access (Givone, 123). The first 32-bit microprocessor in themicroprocessor industry that will be dis- cussed is the series 32000 family and was originally built for main-frame computers. In the 32000 family all of the differentmicroprocessors have the same 32-bit internal structure; but may have external bus values such as 8, 16, or 32 bits (Mitchell, 225). In the 32000 family themicroprocessors use only 24 of the potential 32 bit addressing space, giving the microprocessor a 16 Mbyte address space (Mitchell, 225). The 32- bit registers areset up so there are six 32-bit dedicated registers and then in combina- tion there are two 16-bit dedicated registers (Mitchell, 231). Each dedicated register has itsown type of specific information that it holds for processing (Mitchell, 232). The microprocessors oscillator (which now comes from an external source) runs at 2.5MHz, but due to a ?di vide-by-four prescaler? the clock frequency runs at 10MHz. There have been many new ideas put into practice to improve the 32000 seriesmicro- processor generally and thus making it run faster and more efficient. The next family of microprocessor which was fabricated for the microcomputer is theMC68020 32-bit microprocessor which is based on the MC68000 family. The other microprocessors that are included in this family are the MC68000, MC68008,MC68010 and the MC68012 (Avtar, 302). Before going into the types of components that this microprocessor contains, it should first be know that the making ofthe MC68020 has been the product of 60 man-years of designing including the manufac- turing of the High-density Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductorgiving the mi- croprocessor high speed and low resistance and heat loss (Avtar, 302). Because of all the work that was put into the MC68020 and its other relatedmicroprocessors, it is an extremely complex microprocessor. The MC68020 operates in two modes, these are the user mode(for application programs) or thesupervisor mode (the operating system and other special functions) (Mitchell, 155). The user and supervisor modes all have there own specific registers to operatetheir functions. The user programming has 17 32-bit address registers, and an 8-bit register (Mitchell, 155). Then the supervisor pro- gramming has three 32-bit, an8-bit and two 3-bit registers for small miscellaneous functions (Mitchell, 155). All of these registers within the two modes are split up into different groups whichwould hold different information as usual, but this set up of registers gives the microprocessors a 20 32-bit information storing capacity. The next family ofmicroprocessor is Intels 80386 and 80486 families. The 80386 and 80486 were mostly over all better then the other microprocessors being made by the differentcompanies in the industry at this time, simply because Intel is now the leading microprocessor producer in todays market. The 80386 was a product that evolvedfrom Intels very first microprocessor, the 8-bit 8080 (Mitchell, 85). Then next came the earlier mentioned 16-bit 8086. The reason why Intel did so well in themarket for microprocessors was because every microprocessor that they made was compatible with the previous and future (Mitchell, 85). This means that if a pieceof software worked on the 8080 then it worked on the future microprocessors and vice-a- versa. Not only did Intel look forward but they looked back. The maindifference between the 80386 and the other 32-bit microprocessors is the added feature of a bar- rel shifter (Mitchell, 88). The barrel shifter allowed information toswitch places mul- tiple times in the registers within a single cycle (Mitchell, 88). The microprocessor contains 8 general purpose 32-bit registers, but with the barrelshifter that is increased to the equivalent of a 64-bit microprocessor. For the most common 20MHz 80386 microprocessor the run time for each cycle i s 59nanoseconds, but for a 33MHz mi- croprocessor the cycle time is reduced to 49 nanoseconds. The next 32-bit microprocessor in market are AT;Ts WE32100and 32200 (Mitchell, 5). These microprocessors also needed six peripheral chips in order to run, these are termed: Memory Management Units, floating pointarithmetic, Maths Accel- eration Units, Direct Memory Access Control, and Dynamic Rand Access Memory Control (Mitchell, 5). These microprocessors apartfrom the microprocessors all work an important part of processing the data that comes through the microprocessor. The difference from this microprocessor and theothers is because the WE32200 address information over the 32-bit range with the help of a disk to work as a slow form of memory (Mitchell, 9). The WE32200microprocessor runs at a frequency of 24MHz (Mitchell, 9). The 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors are a mere page in the great book of processor history. Therewill be many new and extremely different processors in the near f uture. A tremendous amount of time and money have been put into the making and improving of themicroprocessor. The improving and investment of billions of dollars are continually going toward the cause of elaborating the microprocessors. The evolution of themicroprocessor will continue to evolve for the better until the time when a much faster and more efficient electronic device is invented. This is turn will create a wholenew and powerful generation of computers. Hopefully this paper has given the reader some insight into the world of microprocessor and how much work has beenput into the manufacturing of the microprocessor over the years. The Evolution of The Microprocessor November 25, 1996BibliographyMitchel, H.J. 32-bit Microprocessors. Boston: CRC Press. 1986,1991 Titus, Christopher A. 16-Bit Microprocessors. Indiana: Howard W. Sams Co., Inc. .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .postImageUrl , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:hover , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:visited , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:active { border:0!important; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:active , .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1 .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68e8f129295fe66980e0327df45ceea1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Integrity in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1981 Aumiaux, M. Microprocessor Systems. New York: John Wiley Sons. 1982 Givone, Donald D.; Rosser, Robert P. Microprocessors/Microcomputers. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 Avtar, Singh. 16-Bit and 32-Bit Microprocessors: Architecture, Software, and Interfacing Techniques: NewJersey. Englewood Cliffs. 1991Technology Essays

Fashion Blogs for College Students

Fashion Blogs for College Students College is a special time for young women (and men) when they’ve flown the coop and are on their own for the first time. Being in a different city surrounded by people from all over the country, it’s one of the most influential times for fashion changes in your life. Of course you want to make an impression on your peers and make a statement about who you are as you enter this new world. These blogs can give you the inspiration you’re seeking to explore new trends and find your fashion niche. And, of course, how to do all of that on a student’s budget†¦ College Fashion For the fashion conscious college student who wants to keep up with the latest trends in campus style, this blog will show you how to pull off a pair of pom pom shorts for both day and evening wear, how to make a plaid skirt cool and feed your fashion inspiration with pop culture images from Game of Thrones to Jean-Michel Basquiat. collegefashion.net A Beautiful Mess This is the perfect blog for the craftsy, DIY college student. For those who want to make their dorm room not only the place they sleep, but their home away from home, you’ll find lots of tips on budget home dà ©cor such as a home-made tassle rug or wall hanging using only a ball of yarn. In their fashion section a host of DIY fashion tips to set you apart from your classmates. You’ll be the envy of campus with your home-made feather block dress. Missing your pet dog or cat from home? Learn how to make a pair of personalized pajamas with their image on them. abeautifulmess.com Kendi Everyday Want to know how to wear this season’s hottest colors? How about what to wear on your first date with a new beau? And how to double up on denim with a blouse and jeans. Fashionista Kendi brings you her own personal shopping and fashion tips for you to devour at will. Feast on it! kendieveryday.com Love, Lenore Another personal blog for the young and fashionable, this blog shows you how to get the best styles from shops like Anthropologie, Forever 21, HM and Nordstroms. She offers tips for every kind of fashion situation including weddings, travel and holiday. Her curated wish list will have you saving up for your next shopping experience. lovelenore.com Millennielle This blog by fashion expert Coco caters to the tastes of college students and millenials. What to wear to music festivals, how to get the best looks on a student’s budget and the brands with the most enduring fashion status. You can address her with your fashion emergencies and read her tips on how to make the most of modern life. millennielle.com The Houndstooth Straight out of DC, this blog is dedicated to showing off the Capital’s street fashion. One of the few fashion sites for both boys and girls, you’ll get your inspiration from real people who turn heads on the streets of Washington. thehoundstoothblog.com Necessary Proper This is almost the fashion blog equivalent of the show Mad Men, with photos and articles that promote the high life of successful men and women. You’ll learn how to rub elbows with high society at polo matches and how to mix the perfect cocktail, all while looking your absolute best next to your beau in khakis (or a tartan) and you in your grandmother’s pearls. necessary-and-proper.com I Spy DIY If you live to create your own look with DIY projects, this is the blog for you. Lots of inspiration on how to personalize your denim jacket to how to make the perfect spring dress, to how to make versatile earrings for any outfit. Get inspiration for looks you can’t buy in a store. ispydiy.com The Budget Babe As promised by the blog title, this site will show you how to find the look you want without having to drop the cash you don’t have. You’ll learn how to find discount versions of big label trends, where to shop and how to throw together a complete look for less. thebudgetbabe.com Whether your style inspiration comes from the Hamptons or the streets of DC, whether you like brand names or prefer to DIY, this list of blogs has it all for today’s college student. Happy shopping!

Peruse and Some Alternatives

Peruse and Some Alternatives Peruse and Some Alternatives Peruse and Some Alternatives By Maeve Maddox A reader asked me about the use of the transitive verb peruse: I have a question please. On the National Geographic Facebook page, they wrote Today marks the third Earth-year since NASAs Curiosity rover made its nail-biting descent through Mars thin atmosphere, successfully landing on its dusty surface- and plans for the next mission are in the works. Peruse through this gallery to see stellar snapshots of Curiositys journey to the red planet. Is it supposed to have the through  or should it be peruse only? I promptly answered: â€Å"You are correct. The verb peruse is transitive. It takes an object. The through is redundant.† When I checked the Ngram Viewer to satisfy myself that â€Å"peruse through† would not come up, I was surprised to see that it does register, although barely. I stand by my initial response, that peruse takes an object and is not followed by a preposition. One might â€Å"pore over a book† but one â€Å"peruses a book.† Some controversy exists regarding the meaning of peruse. I’d always understood it to mean, read carefully,† but in researching this post I’ve discovered that it can also mean look over briefly or superficially.† The latter sense is present in the example from the National Geographic website, in which peruse means â€Å"to browse.† Peruse in the sense of â€Å"to examine† entered English from Anglo-Norman French, peruser, in the sense of examining a witness. Peruser does not survive in modern French. English peruse translates into French as â€Å"lire attentivement,† literally, â€Å"to read attentively.† Although still in general use, peruse tends to sound old-fashioned, pompous, or jocular. I dont agree with language critics who insist that peruse must be used only in the sense of â€Å"read carefully† and never to mean â€Å"to read superficially,† but I do suggest that English has plenty of options for either meaning. If you are looking for a word or expression that conveys the idea of careful reading or examination, you may choose from these: read carefully study scrutinize inspect examine pore over wade through On the other hand, if you want to express the idea of superficial reading, you may choose from these options: look through browse leaf through scan run one’s eye over glance through skim thumb through As for peruse, apparently you may use it to convey either idea. Whichever meaning you attach to it, however, don’t follow it with a prepositional phrase. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Network Security Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Network Security Plan - Term Paper Example The physical security will involve securing network cables and servers from intruders. The intruders might originate from within the organization or from outside. Response teams in case of any intrusion will include people like the network security companies or the information technology department within an organization. The response plan to network failure may include having some redundant network cables laid down within the building. The wireless network will provide response plan by having multiple access points covering the same area. The security plan will try to identify what network infrastructure is easily accessible by intruders to the network. Different forms of validation will be proposed to prevent unauthorized person from accessing the network. The network will be evaluated by inviting white hat hackers to try and hack into the network. The hackers will provide a list detailing weaknesses in the network together with some improvement proposals. The incidence response wi ll provide situations where third party organization provides the infrastructure to run the organization in times of crisis. Some of the infrastructure providers are the telephone company providing their line for network connection while the fiber optic cable is down. Incident Response 4 Support 5 Vulnerability assessment 6 Code injection leak test 6 Substation leak test 7 Network scanning 7 Manual testing on passwords 8 Carrying out vulnerability tests in links 8 Physical Security 9 Spyware 9 Incidence response policy /Team 10 Incident Response The network users will face a denial to service incidence. The incidence will involve denying authorized users of the network crucial services like accessing mails over the network. The incidence can be caused by things like hackers flooding the network with data that are not needed by the users of the network. Such flooding will slow down the network, and workers cannot even read an email using the organization network. The occurrence of de nial of service is a common thing within companies which might lead to dissatisfaction of customers and workers. Mitigation of such incidence would involve setting up firewalls within the network to identify any unwanted packets in the network. Response plan would involve purchasing packet scanning software. The software will identify packets that are flooding the organization network and their origin machine. The packets once identified termination of the network connection to the machines flooding the network should be carried out immediately. The backup network can be used at this situation leaving out the flooded network. Switching to the network will ensure the network runs at the preferred speed and delivery of service continues as planned. Another incident would be breakage of the backbone network which might be a fiber optic cable. The breakage of the cable might have been caused by vandals or natural calamities like floods, earth quakes and earth drift. Such situations woul d mean zero connection to the Internet because the network infrastructures are down. Having a redundant network connection from an Internet service provider can provide a response plan. The redundant network connection should be using totally different infrastructure to reduce the probability of the two networks not working. One of the infrastructures can be a network provider using satellite to provide connection. The satellite connection

JETZ Fidelity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

JETZ Fidelity - Essay Example JETZ expatriates can definitely influence the expectations of its expatriates and help in their adjustment to the new work environment (Hofstede, 1983). In addition, Portuguese business culture communication styles should also be assessed by JETZ and the manner through which corporate values and organizational culture are transmitted. For instance, is it through socialization? In some cultures, exchange of favors, information sharing and friendships are critical means of winning and developing trust. Logically, JETZ managers who are sent to Portugal ought to have such characteristics as patience and being open to socialization with locals. Apparently, Tom, Mark and Jane have experienced a whole host of changes in being sent to a global post. On a personal level, they are required to undergo a transition from an environment to which they were accustomed to one which is very unfamiliar. Naturally, this required modifications in their living habits, and entailed finding a healthy, novel balance between their work and personal preoccupations. For a majority of individuals, this expends too much time and effort. Thus, the human resources department of JETZ ought to take action to prepare them so that they may cope with these difficulties in adjustment. The research of Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) indicate that adjustment to the cross-cultural facets of a global assignment requires three distinct personal abilities, as follows: 1) the capacity to sustain a valued sense of self; 2) the ability to associate to host nationals; 3) the ability to intellectually appreciate the belief systems that underpin behaviors in the host country. If Tom, Mark and Jane were oriented with these traits, it would have been easier for them to adjust because their expectations were more effectively managed (Black, 1990b; Mendenhall & Oddou, 1985). If they possessed such traits, it would have been more probable for them to adjust easily in their Faro assignment. In a related

Significance of Fog in Long Days Journey into Night Eugene by ONeill

Long Days Journey: The Significance of Fog (8) A Long Day’s Journey Into Night, by Eugene O’Neill, is a deeply autobiographical play. His life was rampant with confusion and addictions in his family. Each character in this play has a profound resemblance, and draws parallels and connections with a member of his own family. The long journey that the title of the play refers to is a journey into his past. Fog is a recurring metaphor in the play; it is a physical presence even before it becomes a crucial symbol of the family’s impenetrable confusion. It is referred to in the text as well as stage directions in this play. It sets the mood for the play in all its somber hues. He uses the fog outside the house as an atmospheric element that has an ominous presence throughout this play. His parents and the surroundings that he grew up in were tainted by broken dreams, lies, disease, past issues, alcoholism and drug addiction. There was this web of darkness and fogginess that encased his life and past that is portrayed in this play as well as others by O’Neill. The symbolic implications of fog in the play are descriptive of the struggle in the minds of this deeply conflicted family. The significance of fog in O’Neill’s writing can be examined in two forms. The first is what type of emblematic quality does the fog provide in this play, and the second is what are other plays in which O’Neill has used fog in a similar way. This play takes place through an entire day where the climate mirrors the mood of the family. â€Å" The play begins at 8:30 in the morning with a trace of fog in the air, and concludes sometime after midnight, with the house foghorn.† (Brustein 1020). The intensity of the fog continuously increases throughout the day, directly correlating to the murkiness in the household. The family’s mood significantly intensifies with the intensity of the fog. There are copious connections between the life of the fog and that of the Tyrone family. All throughout the play there is a conflict between past vs. present, truth vs. lies, and addiction vs. sobriety. This family lives amidst a haze of denial and as the fog gets thicker, they continue to get further lost. The fog has a polarity that directly relates to Mary, â€Å"†¦ the mood changing from sunny cheer over Mary’s apparent recovery to gloomy despair over her new descent into hell † (Brustein 1020). The fog is fi... ...n clarities. The fog is created out of pain in order to dilute clarity. The individuals in this play needed to escape themselves but didn’t succeed. O’Neill expresses the same fear of truth and uses the imagery of fog in The Iceman Cometh. The Iceman Cometh is written in the same time period as Long Day’s Journey Into Night, and is a parallel in the struggle of the past vs. present. The use of the fog imagery is not as direct in this play, but there are subtle mentions of fog in the play, such as â€Å" the gray subdued light of early morning in a narrow street† (O’Neill 660). This grayness is almost identical to the morning that the Tyrone family experiences after being awakened by the foghorns. Both stories spell the gloom and dreariness of these characters and their lives. The imagery of fog wasn’t as prominent in the rest of his plays. O’Neill had a great amount of turmoil in his life and the Long Day’s Journey Into Night story reflected perfectly the fogginess and daze he lived through. His dark life experiences have given him a rich, emotionally charged place, from which to write. The fog serves as a tool to paint the dreary picture and symbolize this darkness through his plays.

Essay on Language Diversity Essay

Language diversity is an important topic for all South Africans to consider since we have 11 official languages. This means that we are challenged when it comes to being able to communicate with one another. This challenge presents itself in various forms, from the workplace to people’s daily lives and personal outlooks surrounding different cultures. Language diversity also influences important issues such as education, Government and adoption. Adoption in South African families is a good example of the language challenges South Africans face. If a family decides to adopt a child from another language, they are essentially uprooting the child from its heritage. If the child is only a baby when it’s adopted, it should be able to integrate into its new family with relative ease, because culture is learned and not inherited. However, if the child is a bit older and has lived some of his/her formative years in his/her original language and culture, the adoptive parents run the risk of not being able to fully understand their child, its unique cultural/ethnic needs/beliefs and/or methods of communication. Families who adopt toddlers, children and/or teenagers from different cultural and language backgrounds will only be able to cope with the unique parental challenges they will face through undertaking to learn about the community their child is from. Although it is important for such parents to integrate their adoptive children into their own cultural practices, so that the child feels truly part of the new family, it is also important that the child’s traditional beliefs and practices are understood by the parents, and where required, integrated into the family. One of the ways in which the adoptive parents may need to integrate the child’s heritage into their family is through learning and using more than one language in the home. If the child’s adoptive parents do not speak the child’s mother tongue, this may leave the child feeling alienated, and could lead to communication issues that could break down family bonds. Conversely, if the child is not taught the language of its adoptive parents, the parents  may feel a separation from the child, and that the child is not truly ‘one of them’, which would be very damaging for both the parents and the child. It is therefore important that the mother tongue of all family members is accepted in the home, and that a multilingual family culture is embraced and cultivated. If families with adopted members learn to understand, accept and embrace one another’s differences, they will be brought together and they will be able to bond on the basis of their shared humanity, rather than feel divided on the basis of their differing cultural practices. An aspect of such an embrace could manifest in the form of learning one another’s languages to break down any communication barriers that may otherwise exist. This process is a very positive one for South Africans because we live in such a culturally and linguistically diverse country. Aside from adoption, language diversity is also an important consideration in relation to Government, education, and interpersonal relationships in South Africa. When individuals communicate in general, it is important that they bear in mind the ‘cooperative principles’ of language usage. This means that both the speaker and the listener needs to be aware of possible ambiguity in sentences, and the speaker needs to be succinct and able to express himself or herself clearly. In the case of education, students who are learning in a language that is not their mother tongue may struggle to be perspicuous and this may obstruct their ability to be understood by their tutors. These students may also struggle to understand what their tutors are communicating to them, and may therefore be unable to interpret complex tasks correctly. Awareness of language diversity – and the barriers it can create – is therefore highly important in education as language, aside from intelligence, could be a deciding factor in a student’s ability to pass a course. Similar concerns also apply to the Government – who hold the burden to communicate with the entire, linguistically diverse nation competently and effectively. Government officials, and the President, must therefore be  certain that their speeches are translated accurately in all languages, as well as all legislation and legal proceedings. If certain laws passed are misunderstood, it could result in civil unrest. During legal proceedings, misunderstanding could even result unfair prosecution. On an interpersonal level, and in the work place, language diversity can be threatening and can create divides among individuals. Although people in the workplace are regularly exposed to other cultures and therefore don’t feel as threatened by them, language barriers could still prevent people from working cohesively. People who are not upper-income earners, and therefore not often exposed to other culture, may perceive the differences among cultures threating, which could in turn hinder their ability to work together in future. In conclusion I think that language diversity is an inextricable part of South African life, and it should be understood and respected by everyone. Citizens of the country should put active effort into learning how to communicate across language and cultural divides. Language diversity should not be seen as a force pushing the different cultures apart, but rather as a challenge that can be mastered in order to foster educational outcomes, political peace and work projects as well as a tool that will bring together families and friendships of all backgrounds.