Significance of Fog in Long Days Journey into Night Eugene by ONeill

Long Days Journey: The Significance of Fog (8) A Long Day’s Journey Into Night, by Eugene O’Neill, is a deeply autobiographical play. His life was rampant with confusion and addictions in his family. Each character in this play has a profound resemblance, and draws parallels and connections with a member of his own family. The long journey that the title of the play refers to is a journey into his past. Fog is a recurring metaphor in the play; it is a physical presence even before it becomes a crucial symbol of the family’s impenetrable confusion. It is referred to in the text as well as stage directions in this play. It sets the mood for the play in all its somber hues. He uses the fog outside the house as an atmospheric element that has an ominous presence throughout this play. His parents and the surroundings that he grew up in were tainted by broken dreams, lies, disease, past issues, alcoholism and drug addiction. There was this web of darkness and fogginess that encased his life and past that is portrayed in this play as well as others by O’Neill. The symbolic implications of fog in the play are descriptive of the struggle in the minds of this deeply conflicted family. The significance of fog in O’Neill’s writing can be examined in two forms. The first is what type of emblematic quality does the fog provide in this play, and the second is what are other plays in which O’Neill has used fog in a similar way. This play takes place through an entire day where the climate mirrors the mood of the family. â€Å" The play begins at 8:30 in the morning with a trace of fog in the air, and concludes sometime after midnight, with the house foghorn.† (Brustein 1020). The intensity of the fog continuously increases throughout the day, directly correlating to the murkiness in the household. The family’s mood significantly intensifies with the intensity of the fog. There are copious connections between the life of the fog and that of the Tyrone family. All throughout the play there is a conflict between past vs. present, truth vs. lies, and addiction vs. sobriety. This family lives amidst a haze of denial and as the fog gets thicker, they continue to get further lost. The fog has a polarity that directly relates to Mary, â€Å"†¦ the mood changing from sunny cheer over Mary’s apparent recovery to gloomy despair over her new descent into hell † (Brustein 1020). The fog is fi... ...n clarities. The fog is created out of pain in order to dilute clarity. The individuals in this play needed to escape themselves but didn’t succeed. O’Neill expresses the same fear of truth and uses the imagery of fog in The Iceman Cometh. The Iceman Cometh is written in the same time period as Long Day’s Journey Into Night, and is a parallel in the struggle of the past vs. present. The use of the fog imagery is not as direct in this play, but there are subtle mentions of fog in the play, such as â€Å" the gray subdued light of early morning in a narrow street† (O’Neill 660). This grayness is almost identical to the morning that the Tyrone family experiences after being awakened by the foghorns. Both stories spell the gloom and dreariness of these characters and their lives. The imagery of fog wasn’t as prominent in the rest of his plays. O’Neill had a great amount of turmoil in his life and the Long Day’s Journey Into Night story reflected perfectly the fogginess and daze he lived through. His dark life experiences have given him a rich, emotionally charged place, from which to write. The fog serves as a tool to paint the dreary picture and symbolize this darkness through his plays.

Essay on Language Diversity Essay

Language diversity is an important topic for all South Africans to consider since we have 11 official languages. This means that we are challenged when it comes to being able to communicate with one another. This challenge presents itself in various forms, from the workplace to people’s daily lives and personal outlooks surrounding different cultures. Language diversity also influences important issues such as education, Government and adoption. Adoption in South African families is a good example of the language challenges South Africans face. If a family decides to adopt a child from another language, they are essentially uprooting the child from its heritage. If the child is only a baby when it’s adopted, it should be able to integrate into its new family with relative ease, because culture is learned and not inherited. However, if the child is a bit older and has lived some of his/her formative years in his/her original language and culture, the adoptive parents run the risk of not being able to fully understand their child, its unique cultural/ethnic needs/beliefs and/or methods of communication. Families who adopt toddlers, children and/or teenagers from different cultural and language backgrounds will only be able to cope with the unique parental challenges they will face through undertaking to learn about the community their child is from. Although it is important for such parents to integrate their adoptive children into their own cultural practices, so that the child feels truly part of the new family, it is also important that the child’s traditional beliefs and practices are understood by the parents, and where required, integrated into the family. One of the ways in which the adoptive parents may need to integrate the child’s heritage into their family is through learning and using more than one language in the home. If the child’s adoptive parents do not speak the child’s mother tongue, this may leave the child feeling alienated, and could lead to communication issues that could break down family bonds. Conversely, if the child is not taught the language of its adoptive parents, the parents  may feel a separation from the child, and that the child is not truly ‘one of them’, which would be very damaging for both the parents and the child. It is therefore important that the mother tongue of all family members is accepted in the home, and that a multilingual family culture is embraced and cultivated. If families with adopted members learn to understand, accept and embrace one another’s differences, they will be brought together and they will be able to bond on the basis of their shared humanity, rather than feel divided on the basis of their differing cultural practices. An aspect of such an embrace could manifest in the form of learning one another’s languages to break down any communication barriers that may otherwise exist. This process is a very positive one for South Africans because we live in such a culturally and linguistically diverse country. Aside from adoption, language diversity is also an important consideration in relation to Government, education, and interpersonal relationships in South Africa. When individuals communicate in general, it is important that they bear in mind the ‘cooperative principles’ of language usage. This means that both the speaker and the listener needs to be aware of possible ambiguity in sentences, and the speaker needs to be succinct and able to express himself or herself clearly. In the case of education, students who are learning in a language that is not their mother tongue may struggle to be perspicuous and this may obstruct their ability to be understood by their tutors. These students may also struggle to understand what their tutors are communicating to them, and may therefore be unable to interpret complex tasks correctly. Awareness of language diversity – and the barriers it can create – is therefore highly important in education as language, aside from intelligence, could be a deciding factor in a student’s ability to pass a course. Similar concerns also apply to the Government – who hold the burden to communicate with the entire, linguistically diverse nation competently and effectively. Government officials, and the President, must therefore be  certain that their speeches are translated accurately in all languages, as well as all legislation and legal proceedings. If certain laws passed are misunderstood, it could result in civil unrest. During legal proceedings, misunderstanding could even result unfair prosecution. On an interpersonal level, and in the work place, language diversity can be threatening and can create divides among individuals. Although people in the workplace are regularly exposed to other cultures and therefore don’t feel as threatened by them, language barriers could still prevent people from working cohesively. People who are not upper-income earners, and therefore not often exposed to other culture, may perceive the differences among cultures threating, which could in turn hinder their ability to work together in future. In conclusion I think that language diversity is an inextricable part of South African life, and it should be understood and respected by everyone. Citizens of the country should put active effort into learning how to communicate across language and cultural divides. Language diversity should not be seen as a force pushing the different cultures apart, but rather as a challenge that can be mastered in order to foster educational outcomes, political peace and work projects as well as a tool that will bring together families and friendships of all backgrounds.

The Role Of Fate In Medieval Literature - 2182 Words

THE ROLE OF FATE IN THE DESIRES OF MEN IN MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Two of the most common themes found in many medieval literature are those of desire and fate. Sometimes these themes are explicitly explored by authors to illustrates their understanding or to make a point about them. Other times the authors make implicit, nuanced suggestions through the plot of their tales that allows the readers to discover their own understandings about two and to make connections between them. Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath’s Tale, as well as Thomas of England’s Le Roman de Tristan and Marie de France’s â€Å"Lanval† do just that. These three pieces of medieval literature present a unique connection between the desires of men and the role of fate. â€Å"Wommen desiren†¦show more content†¦In Le Roman de Tristan and Isolde, Tristan is in love with Isolte, who healed his mortal battle wounds but later became wife to King Mark of Cornwall. Tristan and Isolde engage in a secretive love affair that results in banishment and tragedy. Through the duration of the tale, Tristan is so driven by his love and lust for Isolte that engages in deceiving his king and risking grave punishment. However, one could argue that Tristan is not driven humanly desire but by the magical force of the potion that was accidentally given to him and Isolte by Brangein. It is the potion that had caused them to fall deeply in love with each other and could be driving Tristan’s desire. Although this is a valid assumption, it can be refuted by the fact that towards the end of the tale we are told that the effects of the potion eventually wear off, but we know Tristan continues to have feelings of love and lust for Isolde even after this point is made. The best way to decide what desires drive Tristan to behave as he does is to examine the reasons that led him to certain circumstances. In other words, what workings of fate are also a driving force for his desires? For example, what led to his meeting with Isolde? Early in the tale we learn that Tristan becomes a vassal of King Mark; â€Å"But my body I give up to King Mark. IShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, and Renaissance Perio1410 Words   |  6 PagescenterbAnalysis of Early Civilizations Through Literature/b/centerbrbrA culture that evolves and changes through time is a healthy culture indeed. From the early pagan warriors to the artisans of the Renaissance, the European world dramatically reformed. The literature of each era indicates the profound cultural innovations. The Anglo-Saxons arguably most important literary piece, Beowulf, is a story of a brave warrior who fights Grendel. Grendel is described as, A powerful monsterRead More The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteressRead MoreAspects Of The Arthurian Romance In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 Pagesworks of the Arthurian age have existed over a number of eons tracing back to quite a number of languages native to the writers that immortalized the tales, this including Welsh, English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and Scandinavian. Medieval romance is defined by the ideals that stood out from the tales including the romance, honor, loyalty and the moral authority as well as it explicated the social order which left a lot to be desired of the position of feminism in the society. MarieRead MoreFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play1203 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet, through the heroism and nobility of its hero, his superior power of insight into, and reflection upon, his situation, and his capacity to suffer the moral anguish which moral responsibility brings, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature ever written. Throughout the play, Hamlet, through both soliloquies and actions, displays these characteristics, which make Hamlet such an important and intriguing individual. Hamlets heroism and nobility displayed throughout most of the playRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Dream Of The Rood, Beowulf, And The Canterbury Tales Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesAll literature evolves throughout time due to the changes in culture and lifestyle of the society during a particular era. Authors are influenced by the beliefs of the nation, events, struggles, and politics of the time period. These influences can be clearly or subtly shown in the works of those authors of the age. The British culture is one of the many types that reflects such rich history and customs packed into its literature. The foundation of much British literature that integrated the conventionRead MoreComparing Oedipus And Oedipus : Similarities And Differences1634 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, there begins to be a change in how the reader feels towards her as she creates her plots for revenge and ends up killing the King of Corinth with the poisonous gifts that she had her children deliver to the castle. Because of this plan, Medea’s role to the reader is switched from woman who deserves justice for the things that are done wrong to her, to a villain who has taken things far. Now Medea is no longer seen as clever and intelligent, but instead is seen as a person who is manipulativeRead MoreBirth of a New Era Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagescultural evolution and the introduction of many remarkable individuals, such as Michelangelo. Due to the emphasis in the Middle Ages to religion, individualism during the period was nonexistent because of the Christian determent of self-absorption. Literature emerged in the Renaissance accentuating the individual, which helped to give birth to talented artists and writers. Individualism put emphasis on personality and uniqueness and using one’s abilities to their full potential. The Renaissance wasRead MoreSuppressed Darkness On The Medieval Mind Map1582 Words   |  7 PagesSuppressed Darkness on the Medieval M ind Map William Manchester’s A World Lit Only By Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance unveils an in- depth look at the Late Medieval Ages in Europe and touches upon the Renaissance. It is most well known as the time period that occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire- when the eastern world seemed to have plummeted into an age of regression and darkness. Manchester’s central proposition was â€Å"The power of the medieval mind had been irrevocably broken†Read More Gender and Social Norms in Shakespeares As You Like It Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesHood ballads popular in Medieval England.   This paper will examine how Shakespeares adaptations and alterations of emphasis and plot from these source works have turned our attention to the role of gender norms in society, the restrictions of social norms, and human influence on ones future.   Lastly, included is a brief discussion of how these factors might influence a production of this clever and entertain ing work.    In Shakespeares play, the question of womens role is central to themeRead MoreThe Case Of Medieval Mystic Christina Of Mirabilis1341 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes one choose? Most people would agree to remain alive without much hesitation. In the case of Medieval Mystic Christina of Mirabilis, Christina also makes the hasty decision to continue living on Earth hoping to appease God even though her decision ultimately leads Christina to push her body to terrifying limits. In Elizabeth Alvilda Petroff’s anthology titled Medieval Women’s Visionary Literature, Thomas de Cantimprà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s The Life of Christina of St. Trond, Called Christina Mirabilis depicts Christina’s

Using the Spanish Verb Salir

Although salir is a very common verb that means to leave in the sense of to depart or to go out, it also has a variety of other meanings that may not immediately be obvious. Fast Facts Salir is a common verb that most often means to leave or to exit.In some contexts, salir can have other meanings that generally refer to the change in status, appearance, or location of someone or something as the result of an action.Salir is conjugated irregularly. Salir Meaning 'To Leave' Here are some examples of sentences with salirs most common meaning: Los Cubs salieron de Los à ngeles con una victoria. (The Cubs left Los Angeles with a victory.) ¿Cuà ¡ndo saliste por primera vez de tu casa con tu bebà ©? (When did you leave home for the first time with your baby?)Mi avià ³n sale a las nueve con destino a Tijuana. (My plane leaves at 9 for Tijuana.)Voy a salir a comprar leche. (Im going out to buy milk.)Propongo que salgamos a la calle a celebrar el campeonato. (I suggest we go out to the street to celebrate the championship.)Saldrà © muy motivado pero sà © que no serà ¡ fà ¡cil. (I will leave very motivated, but I know it wont be easy.) Salir With Other Meanings Here are some other meanings of salir with sample sentences: to turn out: Me salià ³ bien la prueba. (The quiz turned out well for me.) Salà ­ enoja en la foto. (I turned out looking angry in the photo.)to appear (often said of a bodily condition): Me sale pus de los pendientes. (Im getting pus from my earrings.) Si lo tocas te saldrà ¡ urticaria. (If you touch it youll break out in hives.)to rise (said of astronomical bodies): El sol sale hoy a las 7:12. (The sun rises today at 7:12.)to be published or disseminated: Estaba viendo el televisor cuando salià ³ las noticias de lo que habà ­a pasado en Nueva York. (I was watching the television when they told the news of what had happened in New York.) El libro salià ³ a la venta en los primeros dà ­as de noviembre. (The book went on sale in the first days of November.) In a negative form with an indirect object, salir can indicate the inability to accomplish something: No le salià ³ como esperaba. (It didnt turn out as he hoped.) No me sale este problemita de distancia entre 2 puntos. (I cant figure out this simple problem about the distance between two points.) In the reflexive form, salirse sometimes refers to some type of overflowing or leak: Pese a que hace seis meses se crearon las nuevas canalizaciones, el agua se salà ­a inundando las calles. (Despite it being six months since the new pipes were installed, the water leaked, flooding the streets.) The phrase salirse con la suya usually means to get ones way: Chà ¡vez se salià ³ con la suya y Coca-Cola retirà ³ el producto de la venta. (Chavez got his way and Coca-Cola took the product off the market.) Salir can also be a part of some common phrases: salir con (to go out with) — Teresa sale con Josà ©. (Teresa is going out with Jose.)salir de (to come from) — La leche es un alimento que sale de las vacas. (Milk is a food that comes from cows. Salir de more commonly means to leave or to exit.)salir caro (to be expensive): Sale muy caro deportar indocumentados. (It is very costly to deport undocumented people.) As always with words that have more than one meaning, pay attention to context in order to determine what is meant. Related Words La salida is a common noun with meanings related to those of salir. They include an exit or way out, the solution to a problem, a departure, the rising of the sun (or other astronomical body) and various kinds of output. The adjective salido can refer to something that is bulging or protruding. It can also refer to an animal in heat (or the human equivalent). The adjective saliente can refer to someone or something thats important or prominent, or to a politician who is leaving office. Conjugation of Salir Salir is often regular, but it adds a g to the stem in some forms and also modifies the ending in the indicative future and conditional tenses. Here are the irregular forms: Present indicative: yo salgo Future indicative: yo saldrà ©, tà º saldrà ¡s, à ©l/ella/usted saldrà ¡, nosotros/nosotras saldrà ­amos, vosotros/nosotras saldrà ©is, ellos/ellas/ustedes saldrà ¡n Conditional: yo saldrà ­a, tà º saldrà ­as, à ©l/ella/usted saldrà ­a, nosotros/nosotras saldrà ­amos, vosotros/nosotras saldrà ­ais, ellos/ellas/ustedes saldrà ­Ãƒ ¡n Present subjunctive: yo salga, tà º salgas, à ©l/ella/usted salga, nosotros/nosotras salgamos, vosotros/nosotras salgà ¡is, ellos/ellas/ustedes salgan Affirmative imperative: sal tà º, salga usted, salgamos nosotros/nosotras, salgan ustedes Negative imperative: no salgas tà º, no salga usted, no salgamos nosotros/nosotras, no salgà ¡is vosotros/vosotras, no salgan ustedes.

What Gross Domestic Product ( Gdp ) Is A Better Life Essay

HoChun Lam Professor Robert Horito ECON-2010-380 October 31, 2015 Life Quality and Economy Most people may know what gross domestic product (GDP) is. And most people think that if a country has a high GDP, it tells us the country is strong. High GDP countries’ people have higher salary, higher material life, and more economic activity. However, it does not mean that high GDP countries’ people have a better life. For example, most of high GDP countries have serious pollution problem. Therefore, they have to spend a lot of money on health care. Do they really have a better life? Also, GDP has advantages and disadvantages. GDP is only one of the methods to evaluate the quality of countries. One of the disadvantages of GDP is not comprehensive. Working is not only can be occurred in workplace. Workers can also work at home, like housekeeping and child care. And GDP would not count this type of job. However, they actually can develop the economic income. Moreover, a country can have really high GDP with only making a lot of production, but people who living in this country can be really poor. Also, the cost of natural disasters can increase GDP. However, is natural disaster a good thing? The answer is no for sure. The GDP would not show the impact of the environment. It only consider the positive side; therefore, it can tell GDP is not objective enough. On the other hand, I will explain the advantages of GDP as a measure of welfare. GDP is the total value of goods andShow MoreRelatedComparing The Australian Economy And The Chinese Economy1066 Words   |  5 Pagestechnologies, economic health, and the creation of an overall better quality of life. The comparison between the Australian economy and the Chinese economy provide a detailed and comprehensive view of both nations. China is of political, cultural and economic strategic importance to Australia. Economic growth, employment/unemployment, environmental sustainability, the role of government (in health care, education and welfare), and quality of life determine the economic development of a nation. AustraliaRead MoreThe Canadian Economy And Canadian s Quality Of Life1447 Words   |  6 Pagesbeverages and consumer products. These firms make significant contributions to the Canadian economy and Canadian’s quality of life. The manufacturing industry has been helping the Canadian economy grow and become stronger but for 2015, this has not been the case. This report will be focusing on the manufacturing industry and how it coincides with Canada’s economy. The three subtopics focused on in this report are the effects of the manufacturing industry on gross domestic product (GDP), inflation and unemploymentRead MoreGhanas Agriculture Sector Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesThe agriculture sector is an important asset for Ghana’s economy. It accounts for one-third of gross domestic product (GDP), and provides over 55% of the population’s jobs (Ghana Agriculture). Ghana’s climate is tropical; warm and dry along the southeast coast; hot and humid in th e southwest, and hot and dry in the north. The terrain is mostly low plains with divided plateau in the south-central area. The overall percentage of land use is 17.54% of arable land and 9.22% of permanent crops. EnvironmentalRead MoreEconomy of Singapore1620 Words   |  7 PagesEconomy of Singapore Singapore enjoys a highly developed and successful free-market economy, a remarkably open and corruption-free business environment, stable prices and one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world. Exports, particularly in electronics and chemicals, and services provide the main source of revenue for the economy. Singapore is positioning itself as the region’s financial and high-tech center. Singapore’s economic strategy proved a success, producing realRead MoreTesco in China1479 Words   |  6 PagesUK, which means this has had an impact on the inflation rate which has increased , the unemployment rate which will also decrease, the interest rates have changed, and there is growth in the economy. Inflation is the general rise in price of the products for the economy. The inflation rate in the UK is 2.7%, thinking about the economic climate the UK was in. if you look at the bigger picture the inflation rate has decreased in numbers compared to when it went up to 8%. It is measured by the consumerRead MoreHave You Ever Thought About That Economic Is Effect In844 Words   |  4 Pagesthat Economic is effect in our daily life? For example, every day, we will have to decide how much we can spend for our foods, clothing, and paying the bills. Like in our textbook said that â€Å"We could not get everything we want therefore we are naming the Scarcity.† In this essay, we will discuss about the U.S. Economy for the years between 2006 and now in terms of macroeconomic measures discussed in the course GDP, unemployment, and inflation rates. First, GDP is the dollar value of all goods andRead MoreGdp Is the Best Measure of a Countrys Standard of980 Words   |  4 PagesGDP is the best measure of a country’s â€Å"standard of living† Discuss Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of everything produced in the economy for the year. It usually is used to provide economic growth rates and other important data, it is valued in terms of the cost of all inputs. Gross means total; domestic means it applies to everything produced within the economy, product means output. Standard of living refers to the wellbeing of the population, this requires a very wide range of dataRead MoreEconomic Growth Between India And India3046 Words   |  13 Pages Table of content Introduction......................................................................................................................1 What is Economic growth? ................................................................................................2 What is GDP? ..................................................................................................................3 Compare economic growth Australia and India.......................................................Read MoreA Educational Excellence And Standards For More Than 30 Years Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesand the world. These economic factors such as human development index (IDH), interest rates, currency exchange, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) has to be considered when analyzing a country economy for the implementation of a new business. The Thai economy is an economy that relies heavily on export, which accounts for 60 percent of its gross domestic product. Automotive and electronics have a source which has favored the strengthening of the Thai currency, baht. MoreoverRead MoreThe Current Status Of The U.s. Economy1440 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom presidential elections to baseball games can be summarized using statistics (2013). One of the most prevalent uses of statistical analysis is to summarize data in order to reflect the health of the U.S. economy, specifically through gross domestic product (GDP). Wheelan touches on the subject of how statistics can be used in conjunction with economics; however, there is much more he does not mention. The health of the U.S. economy is imperative to every American. It dictates whether it is a good

Metrobank Free Essays

string(33) " ChecksCredit Cards Metrobank E\." The purpose of this study is to research and understand the real-world application system of an existing business information system of a company which is a requirement in the course, Management Information System or BA – 104. B. Group Members and Individual Responsibilities Members:| Responsibilities| Ma. We will write a custom essay sample on Metrobank or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kamille Celebre| She is in charge with the typing of the documents and the information gathered through the interview. She is also in charge for researching about the company via internet. Marie Guianne Janson| She is responsible for editing the paper and the power point as well as the compilation of the work of her group mates. She is in charge of printing the paper and the power point presentation. | Maan Malait| She is in charge with the reserving the projector for the group presentation. She is also the one who gave many information about the company because of the questions she asked during the interview from the resource person. | Charisse Marie Paywan| She is the leader of the group.She has the contact with our resource person in Metrobank. She also gave the group information about the company. | II. Company Information A. History of the company: The Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company (PSE: MBT), commonly known as Metrobank. It has a diverse offering of financial services, from regular banking to insurance. Metrobank is the second largest bank in the country. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company (Metrobank) was established by a group of businessmen on September 5, 1962 at the Wellington Building in Binondo, Manila.In August 1963, the bank’s first branch was established in Divisoria. Four years later, Metrobank opened its Davao branch, the bank’s first provincial branch. At the onset of the 70s, Metrobank opened its first international branch in Taipei. The Central Bank, on April 1977, authorized Metrobank to operate a Foreign Currency Deposit Unit (FCDU). In the same year, branches and offices totalled 100 and the bank inaugurated its new Head Office at Metrobank Plaza in Makati. On August 21, 1981, the Central Bank authorized Metrobank to operate as a universal bank. Following the grant of the universal banking license, Metrobank entered the following ventures: the acquisition of majority ownership of Philippine Savings Bank (the second largest savings bank in the country at that time); the establishment of a joint travel agency venture with Thomas Cook Group in Thomas Cook Phils. , Inc. in 1986; and the tying-up with Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan and Mitsui to put up Toyota Motor Philippines in 1988.Metrobank subsequently entered into joint ventures with several renowned corporations like Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation of Japan to create Sumigin Metro Investment Corporation; the National Mutual Holdings Ltd. of Australia to create Philippine AXA Life Insurance Corporation; and the ORIX of Japan to create ORIX Metro Leasing and Finance Corporation. In September 1982, the number of Metrobank branches, offices and subsidiaries surpassed the 200 mark. A year later, Metrobank topped all the private domestic bank in total resources with P8. 8 billion. The bank continued to experience steady growth through the years and in September 1989, it increased its authorized capital stock from P2 billion to P5 billion. The bank’s total capital funds on June 30, 2006 stood at P57. 3 billion. Its consolidated resources amounted to P588. 1 billion as of the same period. As of June 2007 assets reached P669. 1 billion ($14. 5 billion) (P46=$1).Metrobank’s subsidiaries are Toyota Motor Philippines Corporation, Philippine Savings Bank, First Metro Investment Corporation, Metrobank Card Corporation, ORIX Metro Leasing and Finance Corporation, SMBC Metro Investment Corporation, First Metro Travelex (formerly Thomas Cook (Phils. )), Philippine AXA Life Insurance Corporation, Mirant Global Corporation, Philippine Charter Insurance Corporation, MBTC Technology, Inc. , Toyota Financial Services Corporation, Toyota Cubao, Inc. , Toyota Manila Bay Corporation, First Metro Securities Corporation, First Metro International Investment Co. Ltd. , Metropolitan Bank (Bahamas) Ltd. , MB Remittance Center Inc. (USA), Metro Remittance Singapore, Metro Remittance UK Limited, Metro Remittance (Italia) SpA, Metro Remittance S. A. (Spain) and MBTC Exchange Services GmbH (Austria). The Metrobank Group has a combined network of over 800 local and international branches/offices, remittance offices and subsidiaries worldwide. It has 557 domestic branches and 32 offices in New York, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Pusan, Guam, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Madrid, Barcelona, Vienna, Rome, Bologna, Milan, Singapore, Chicago, Hawaii, and Shanghai.On September 28, 2009, Metrobank is the first local bank to offer a line of CNY denominated offerings. B. Company Profile: Mission amp; Vision of the company Vision Statement We envision: A professionally run, responsive, proactive, and creative organization through which the Metrobank Group of Companies is able to express its commitment to lead the private sector in fostering holistic human development in both the national and international arena, thereby effecting an empowered society whose members are able to realize their human potential. Mission StatementTo realize its vision, the Foundation shall: Propagate a culture of excellence with a human face by actively implementing, assisting, and supporting programs which strengthen and advance the strategic sectors of society as well as respond to the needs of the disadvantaged. General Strategies and Approaches In order to achieve its stated mission, the Foundation shall actively engage in: †¢Strengthening and upgrading the professional skills of Foundation personnel to enable them to implement programs in keeping with or even surpassing the standards set by experts in the field of social development. Involving the officers and staff of the Metrobank group in the social development program of the foundation. Organizational Chart Manager Frederick Javate Branch Operating Officer Joanna Marcela Branch Operating Officer Stephen Delmoro n New Accounts Katrina Luna New Accounts Christine Paywan Teller3 Johannah Diaz Teller2 Marisol Jardineros Teller1 Dana Barios C. Products/Services * HOUSING AND CAR LOANS * CREDIT CARDS| * INTERNET BANKING| Bills Payment SolutionCar Loan SolutionHome Loan Solution| * MOBILE BANKING| PERSONAL ACCOUNTSTime Deposit (TD)MetroDollar Time DepositForeign Currency Time Deposit * CHECKING ACCOUNTS Account OneRegular Checking AccountMetroChecking Extra * SAVINGS ACCOUNTSPassbook Savings AccountMetrobank E. T. Savings AccountMetroDollar Savings AccountOther Foreign Currency Savings Account (FXCY SA)Fun Savers Club * PERSONAL INSURANCE| * Traditional Life Insurance Products * Investment-Linked Products (ILPs) or Unit-Linked Products (ULPs) | * PHONE BANKING * TRAVELING| Travelers ChecksCredit Cards Metrobank E. You read "Metrobank" in category "Papers" T. | * BUSINESS * CORPORATE ACCOUNTSSavings Accounts.Checking AccountsTime Deposit * CASH MANAGEMENT| | Metrocash ManagerMetrobank direct Corporate * CORPORATE LOANS Loans for Capital ExpendituresCorporate Finance and ConsultancySME amp; Other Government Supported LoansTRADE PRODUCTS amp; SERVICES DIRECTORY OF TRADE PROCESSING HUBS * Financing for Imports and Domestic Purchases * Financing for Exports| | CORPORATE ISSURANCE| * Group Yearly Renewable Term Plan Security Assurance for Employees (SAFE) Plan * Group Credit Life Insurance * Group Personal Accident Plan * Group Student Personal Accident Plan * Group Retirement Plan CORPORATE LEASINGGOVERNMENT LEASING| | * BIR eFPS Tax Payments * SSS Contributions and Payments| | INVESTMENTS TRUST PRODUCTS AND SERVICES * Personal Trust and Investment Services * Corporate Trust and Investment Services TREASURY PRODUCTS| GOVERNMENT SECURITIES * Peso Treasury Bills (T-Bills) * Peso Fixed-Rate Treasury Notes (FXTNs)| | * Peso Retail Treasury Bonds (RTBs) * For eign Currency-Denominated Bonds (ROPs)| * US Treasury Bills (US T-Bills)| CORPORATE SECURITIES 1. Peso or USD Denominated Bonds 2.Corporate Promissory Notes * FOREIGN EXCHANGE * INVESTMENT FUNDS NAVPU amp; PERFORMANCE * CAPITAL MARKETS| * MARKET COMMENTARIES| III. Business Information System A. Description amp; Overview of the System * MOSAIC This is the system used by Metrobank in processing a transaction. This has a command were to deposit, withdraw, debit/credit, encash check and inquire. * Black Screen (IB3220) This is where we could inquire an account like MOSAIC but in this system we could see the history of an account. * Branch Automation System (BAS) This is an input of information of clients. Microsoft Word and Excel These are system used by the company to store data. B. Information Flow Open Day PICOS Debit/Credit payment, deposit, withdrawal, encash and inquire Middle Day Balancing Transfer of Cash to offer payment, deposit, withdrawal, encash, inquire amp; debit/ credit Transfer of co- teller Transfer of cash ( bundles amp; PICOS) End of Day C. Input of Data Resources Data are captured by means of interview to the clients. They input the information to the Branch Automation System. This is used by new accounts to input information.After the information is filled up to their system our efficient will approve it, then an account is open and now can transact to their teller and also to ATM. Data adjustment can be done upon presentation of document like in change of status. She must present a marriage contract amp; updated ID before they can change a file. Inquires in their company, they have a policy it is called Secrecy Law (RA1405). They are only the account holder can be the one who can only inquire he’s/she’s account to their bank. D. Processing of Data * Clearing checksThe teller received a checks, he/she must check first the face of the check like name of the payee, date, amount in words amp; figures, and the signature of the issuer. The bank officer will validate if the check being used is authentic. After validation and the check is found authentic, the check will be stamped at the back with bank endorsement. The check is now ready for processing. The processing can only be cancelled if the client submitted an authorization letter for cancellation to good the check or any check transactions that are still on process. The officer will counter sign that specified check on the bank endorsement.The next step it will be encoded to the branch then it will be sent to PCHC (Philippine Clearing House Center). If there is a bank to bank transaction, PCHC will debit the issuing bank then credit to issuer. * Payroll The teller will post the payroll submitted by the different branches of Metrobank through their terminal which is reviewed and approved by the officers because at the end of the day all employees of the companies can withdraw their payroll through ATM. The term Terminal is their company jargon for the software they are using to store and survey data.Before a client can install money for payroll, the client must issue an authorization for installation of money and releasing of payroll money. This payroll system is used by large scale companies. * Deposit The teller received cash and checks deposits they validate it through their terminal at the end of the day they balanced all their transactions. The cash were turned- over to the cashier while the checks are forwarded to the clerk and it is retuned to the head office. Before a teller can start his transaction for this day, he must seek open day permission from the bank officer.Open day is their term for acquiring access for starting bank transactions. Before executing transfer transaction a teller must have his PICOS or his initial cash. A teller has limit of 500,000php on hand; if he/she exceed the limit, the teller must surrender the excess to the clearing clerk. The clearing clerks are the people who monitor the inventory of money. In addition, this person is responsible for encoding of data transfer to the system and the system will send the data to the main office. E. Output of Information * Reports The reports are being executed after office hours.These are essential for monitoring bank operations. The report to be gathered will be subjected to analysis (data analysis, cash flow analysis, transaction analysis) they do report analysis to know the rank amp; performance of their company. The reports will serve as surveillance to know if the competitor is liquid or having liquidity problems. These data will their basis to compete with other companies. These reports are encoded into the computer to be used for call backing. Call backing is their term for rechecking data inputs to determine if there is error being committed and securing bank transaction placement Documents * Checks * Official receipt * Deposit slips * Withdrawal slips * Payment slips * Debit/credit memo * Application for miscellaneous transactions * Displays/responses They use terminal to encode, transmit amp; validate transaction. This display falls under the supervision of MOSAIC and BLACKSCREEN Systems. These systems are used to store and retrieve personal data and accounts of the clients. * Control listing The clients must submit instruction letters to authorize the bank to perform the processing of his/her transaction.A client must submit a payroll listing whenever they request to have a fund for their employees. * Input of other System An example of input of other system is when customers’ will be open an account for saving and payroll purposes for the company. This means that the company and the bank have an agreement regarding this transaction. If a company opens an account it can easily process the payroll of each employee because they have an account in the bank. F. Storage of Data Resources The data resources are organized through the storage of their files to their system and filing cabinets. It is sorted alphabetically and numerically so that whenever they need to search something, it could easily be found. G. Control of System Performance: The input, process, output and storage activities are monitored by checking their officers the media, files amp; processing of their work. IV. Conclusion We conclude that those business information systems that we had taken from that company are very important and useful because those systems help them to make their work easier and fast. Those kinds of system are accurate for their company. These systems helped them looking for the information that they needed. In this company they use business information system for them to know what’s wrong with their work so with the help of the systems, they can easily correct it through the use of the information system. There should be a process to be followed by this company because with this process it can easily understand and determined the work of each employee. V. Acknowledgement The group would like to thank Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company (Metrobank) in Rosario branch in Pasig for allowing us to know the information system they used for their business processes.We also thank them for the knowledge and information they gave to us to be able to understand more the processes of banks, especially metrobank. It’s a pleasure and honour to conduct an interview in one of the top commercial banks here in our country. We also like to express our gratitude towards them because of their warm and friendly employees who supported us during the interview. We also want to acknowledge the sister of Charisse Paywan, Ms. Christine Paywan for being our resource person for this project.We would like to thank our family for being supportive and for allowing us to conduct an interview at Metrobank. We also thank our friends for being supportive, for helping and for being an inspiration to us. Lastly, we would like to thank Mrs. Josefina Bina for letting us experience this kind of project that will surely help us in our endeavour when we start working in the corporate world. Hopefully, we can apply all the knowledge and information we have gathered during the one semester in Management Information System. Thank you very much and God bless us all How to cite Metrobank, Papers

Heterogeneity and Relationship Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Heterogeneity and Relationship Management. Answer: Introduction The case study Mixed Fortunes at Dominos is based on a compilation of investigative reports by Fairfax media. The case highlights some problems experienced at Dominos. Some of these problems include the stress on the franchisees who think the investment is not working well for them as the costs of running the outlets increase while the prices of pizza decline due to competition. There is also a problem with employees unhappiness due to underpayment and working for long hours without compensation. Some franchises consider the head office style as dictatorial putting pressure on the employees and the franchisees. This paper will discuss the background to the Dominos case, suggested solutions and recommendations. Dominos is an Australian pizza chain comprising a network of franchises and over 600 retail stores nationally. The company was listed on the Australian stock exchange in 2005. The company has been very successful with the shares having surged 2500 per cent in over a decade making it one of the best performing in the market. The company has the largest pizza menu with over 200,000 options. Dominos offers service guarantee to the customers of deliver between 15 to 20 minutes for extra cost. The business model is using franchisees to grow sales with the head office earning royalty from every sale as opposed to profits. The company encourages more stores being opened to increase the sales and thus royalties for the head office. The situation however has not been very rosy for the franchisees as a number of problems have been reported. These issues need to be addressed if the company is to continue with the success story. The effective management of restaurants lifecycle and the quality o f life issues are important for growth and development of a restaurant (Parsa, Self, Njite King, 2005 p 304). Identification of Issues and Problems The first issue is on royalties taken by head office based on sales that encourage more stores in one region to increase sales. The franchisees are required to pay the royalties based on sales and not profits. This means whether an outlet is making profits or not, it has to pay royalties to the franchisee making the business untenable for franchisees and leading to their inability to pay the operational costs and make a profit or recoup their investment. The Franchisees feel as if the head office is interested only in their welfare and not their welfare. The push for higher sales puts unnecessary pressure on the employees and thus burn out. The issue of quarterly bonuses to the store managers is a good motivator to increase sales. However it might do the opposite of low morale to other employees if they feel left out in the recognition. The CEO should not get engaged in the minute details of micromanaging employees but focus on the strategic part of the business. When a franchisee is not doing well, the stores management is blamed for poor performance. There is no evidence of any support to the franchisee from head office in order to improve on performance. While the franchisee costs are increasing, their profits are declining because the cost of pizza is declining due to reduced pizza prices as a result of competition. Dominos profit is doubling while the franchisees struggle to make profits as they cannot pass on their costs of operating. The CEO is well educated, talented and experienced. He is focused on growing the people and the business. He knows how to deal with challenges and turning them in to opportunities. He takes risks in changing the business model with the current revolution on retailing and social media use. Staff retention is high and thus improvements in efficiency and reduced mistakes. This is viewed as good for the company. The labor costs have also gone up especially due to legislation and employees are more engaged. The employees are encouraged, incentivized and trained to keep them more engaged and motivated. The top employees are taken on a tour to the Silicon Valley, USA every year to learn about technologies that could be introduced to the company. However, many employees are not happy as they work overtime without payment and suffer from burn out. They are afraid of reporting to head office. The employee who reported never received feedback from head office. The company is therefore not living the CEOs motto of zero tolerance to worker exploitation. There are illegal and improper work practices that are making the employees unhappy. The employees are underpaid by lowering the hours worked thus reducing their pay. Some reported working for very long hours and the working environment not good lacking in basic facilities like air conditioning. When this was reported, the company terminated the contract of some franchisees. The company does not tolerate exploitation of workers. However, some of the workers dues remain unpaid. Due to the pressure on the franchisees, some unauthorized practices have arisen. This is affecting the standards of pizza negatively. They were making more pizza per bag of flour than allowed in order to increase their earnings. They say they are not making any money and require the head office to support them meet their increased costs. These improper practices will likely affect the companys reputation, sales and the future success. Possible Solutions For the business to be successful, head office must work together with the franchisees and cooperate in resolving the problems that are being faced. Proper communication, control and s strategy that is influencing are seen as key factors in influencing the competitive advantage of franchises (Inma, 2012 p4). When the franchisees feel as if the company does not care about their welfare, they will not deliver on their goals and this will lead to a bad reputation on the company and loss of customers. Proper channels and strategies for conflict resolution between franchisor and franchisee will be of great help (Strutton, Pelton, Lumpkin, 1993). An overhaul of the franchisees remuneration may be needed to ensure that they are motivated in business. Royalties based on sales are not working for them as they are not making profits. Another method that takes in to account sales and the profitability of the outlets can be considered with consultation between all parties. Head office support in outlets with higher operational costs may be necessary to keep them in business. Employee motivation and engagement needs to be reviewed. Unhappy employees do not deliver the results as per expectation. If this is not addressed, it will soon lead to customers mistreatment and dissatisfaction too. The employees need to be consulted and involved in decision making so that they believe the decisions made cater for their welfare. Only when they feel important will they contribute fully to business success. The labor practices need to be fair to avoid law suits. The salaries that have been unpaid need to be paid and the working environment needs to be conducive. Proper expertise of the business is needed by people who understand the franchise business. Proper leadership and guidance will benefit both the franchisor and franchisee and in the long run lead to business success. There are stakeholders who are important for success of the business and need to be taken care of (Mottl, 2016 para 7). These include the employees, the customers, the community in which you operate and the franchisees. All their interests must be looked in to gain their loyalty as they determine how successful the business will be. The business strategy must support the brand and make it stand out. It also must support differentiation and growth and profitability of the franchisee and the overall business. The franchisor needs to consult with franchisee before revision of strategy (Mottl, 2016 para 5). Recommendations The franchisor needs to employ strategies that will enhance employee and customer retention. Customer satisfaction has a strong effect on loyalty of customers (Gustafsson, Johnson and Roos, 2005 p 210). Loyal customers in turn tell others about the business and act as the ambassadors by spreading a positive word about the business (Nyadzayo, Matanda, and Ewing, 2011). This will be achieved through regular training and engagement activities for the employees at the same time close monitoring to ensure best customer service for the customers. Necessary tools to survey customer service parameters like NPS, waiting time, customer satisfaction will be necessary and necessary measure put to keep on improving. Another strategy is consolidation of the market where the franchisor analyses the market regularly with a view of understanding the market and structuring the business model to suit the market conditions. The franchisee in turn must understand the business model as defined by the franchisor in order to align appropriately for success. Franchising represents strategic alliance between franchisor and franchisee (Hoffman, 1991 p75). Relationships management is therefore very critical when building a strong franchise business (Inma, 2002 p3). This paper has discussed the issues and problems in Dominos case study and given some suggested solutions and recommendations. References Gustafsson, A., Johnson, M.D. and Roos, I., 2005. The effects of customer satisfaction, relationship commitment dimensions, and triggers on customer retention.Journal of marketing,69(4), pp.210-218. Hoffman, R.C. and Preble, J.F., 1991. Franchising: Selecting a strategy for rapid growth.Long Range Planning,24(4), pp.74-85. Inma, C., 2002.Building Successful Franchises: the Influence of Franchise Heterogeneity and Relationship Management on Franchise Success(Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University). Mottl, J. (2016). 5 Strategies for Franchise Success over the Long Haul. Retrieved August 22, 2017 from: https://www.fastcasual.com/articles/5-strategies-for-franchise-success-over-the-long-haul/ Nyadzayo, M.W., Matanda, M.J. and Ewing, M.T., 2011. Brand relationships and brand equity in franchising.Industrial Marketing Management,40(7), pp.1103-1115. Parsa, H.G., Self, J.T., Njite, D. King, T., 2005. Why Restaurants Fail.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,46(3), pp.304-322. Strutton, D., Pelton, L.E. and Lumpkin, J.R., 1993. The influence of psychological climate on conflict resolution strategies in franchise relationships.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,21(3), pp.207-215 .